The receive stage comprises a current–to-voltage amplifier, followed by a programmable gain amplifier (PGA), an anti-aliasing filter, and an ADC. The unknown impedance is connected between the VOUT and VIN pins. The first stage current-to-voltage amplifier sets the VIN pin as a virtual ground with a DC value of VDD/2. The signal current developed across the unknown impedance flows into the VIN pin and develops a voltage signal at the output of the current-to-voltage converter.

